A study issued by Microsoft (beware conflicts of interest) on how the use of GenAI affects critical thinking in its users. tl;dr from the Conclusion: Moreover, while GenAI can improve worker efficiency, it can inhibit critical engagement with work and can potentially lead to long-term overreliance on the tool and diminished skill for independent problem-solving. Higher confidence in GenAI’s ability to perform a task is related to less critical thinking effort. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2025/01/lee_2025_ai_critical_thinking_survey.pdf I haven't found a video summary on it which I trust with the interpretation being accurate, so until then for those who are interested, I'd urge to read the paper.